Kumzi-mveliso wamayeza, ukucoceka kwamanzi yinto enkulu. Amanzi ayisiyo nje kuphela isithako esibaluleke kakhulu ekuqulunqweni kweziyobisi kodwa sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza imveliso. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi asetyenzisiweyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho esemgangathweni yenqanaba, iinkampani ezininzi zamachiza ziye zaguqukela kwitekhnoloji yokucoca. Enye itekhnoloji yenyeI-PharmemaceOutical ijika i-osmosis ye-osmosis, esebenzisa imigaqo ye-osmosis (RO) ukuvelisa amanzi aphezulu aphezulu afanelekileyo kwizicelo zamayeza.
Ukuqonda i-osmosis
Ukubuyela umva kwe-osmosis yitekhnoloji yokwahlulahlula i-membrane eveliswe ngo-1980s. Isebenza kumgaqo we-membrane enesidima, evumela iimolekyuli ezithile okanye ii-ions zokudlula ngelixa ivimba abanye. Kwimeko yokubuyisa i-osmosis, uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwisisombululo esihlanganisiweyo, siphazamise ukuhamba kwendalo. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba amanzi afudukele kwingingqi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (apho ukungcola kunye neetyuwa zikhona) kwingingqi yenguqu esezantsi (apho amanzi acocekileyo).
Isiphumo ngumthombo wamanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo asimahla kuluhlu olubanzi lweengcongconi, kubandakanya iityuwa, iziqu eziphilayo, kunye ne-microorganisms. Oku kwenza ukuba i-osmosis ye-osmosis ilungele iindawo ezinetyiwa eziphezulu zamanzi ezibukhali, apho iindlela zokucoca ngokwesiko zinokusilela.
Amanzi anendima eguqukayo yokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kumzi-mveliso wamachiza. Kuxhomekeka kudidi lokusebenzisa amayeza, badinga amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okulungisa amanzi.
Indima ye-Osmosis ye-osmosis kwishishini lamayeza
Kumzi-mveliso wamayeza, umgangatho wamanzi ulawulwa yimigaqo engqongqo, njengezo zichazwe yi-United States Pharmacopeia (i-USP) kunye ne-European Pharmacopea (EPREACOpea (i-EPREACOPIA (EP). Le migaqo ichaza ukuba amanzi asetyenziswe kwimveliso yeziyobisi makakhululeke kwi-ungcoliseko enokuthintela ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukubuyela umva kweenkqubo ze-osmois zezinto zokufezekisa eli nqanaba lobunyulu.
Izicelo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-osmosis kwi-chimmeruticals
1. Ukuveliswa kwamanzi acocekileyo (PW): Amanzi aphumeleleyo licandelo elibalulekileyo ekwenzeni imveliso yamayeza. Ukubuyisela umva inkqubo ye-osmosis esebenzayo ngokusungula izinyibilikisi, iibhaktiriya, kunye nezinye izinto zokungcola, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi ahlangabezana nemigangatho eyimfuneko yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
2. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi ukuze inaliti (WFI): Amanzi okutsala yenye yezona zinto ziphakamileyo zamanzi aphantsi kwamanzi asetyenziswe kwiindawo zamayeza. Ukubuyisela umva i-Osmosis ihlala inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokucoca, ilandelwa zizigqibo ezongeziweyo ezinjengemali yokufezekisa ukuchuma kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo.
3. QAPHELA AMANZI: Iinkqubo ezininzi zamachiza zifuna amanzi ukuze zicoceke, izixhobo zokuphamba, kunye nezinye iimfuno zomsebenzi. Ukubuyisa iinkqubo ze-osmois zibonelela ngomthombo othembekileyo wamanzi aphezulu ahlangabezana neenkcazo eziyimfuneko kwezi zicelo.
4. Ukugxininiswa nokucocwa kwamathafa asebenzayo
IINGXAKI ZEENKCUKACHA ZOKUGQIBELA I-OSMOSICAL
Ukwamkelwa kweenkqubo ze-osmois ze-osmois kumzi-mveliso wamayeza zinika izibonelelo ezininzi:
Amanqanaba aphezulu ococeko: Iinkqubo zeROD zinokususa ukuya kwi-99% yeetyuwa ezichithiweyo kunye nokungcola, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi asetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zamayeza ngowona mgangatho uphezulu.
Ukusebenza kweendleko: Ngelixa utyalomali lokuqala kwinkqubo ye-OSmois eguqukayo inokubaluleka, ukonga ixesha elide kwiindleko zomsebenzi kunye nemfuno encitshisiweyo kunyango lwezikhewu zenza isisombululo esineendleko zokucocwa kwamanzi.
Izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo: Ukubuyisa kweenkqubo ze-osmois kuvelisa inkunkuma encinci xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zonyango zemveli, zibenzela ukhetho olunobuhlobo kwindalo.
I-Scialffiel: I-ScArmaceutical Scieters Screen Iinkqubo ze-OSmois zinokuyilwa ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile zendawo, nokuba ifuna inkqubo encinci yelebhu yophando okanye inkqubo enkulu yesityalo semveliso.
Imiceli mngeni kunye nokuqwalaselwa
Ngelixa iinkqubo ze-osmos ze-OSMOISO zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, kukho imiceli mngeni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele. Ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthintela ukungcola kwe-membrane. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunokuchaphazeleka ngezinto ezinje ngobushushu bamanzi, uxinzelelo, kunye nokudityaniswa kwamanzi okungcoliseka kwamanzi.
Iinkampani zamachiza kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo, enokuthi ifuna ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo ye-osmo yesifo kunye neenkqubo zayo. Oku kubandakanya ukubhala ukusebenza kwenkqubo, ukuqhuba uvavanyo rhoqo lwamanzi acocekileyo, kwaye ugcine iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zolondolozo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.
Ukuqukumbela, ukubuyisela umva i-osmosis yitekhnoloji ebaluleke kakhulu kumzi-mveliso wamachiza, ukubonelela ngendlela ethembekileyo yokuvelisa amanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu kwimveliso ebalulekileyo yemveliso yeziyobisi kunye nezinye iinkqubo. II-PharmemaceOutical ijika i-osmosis ye-osmosisAyisifezekisi kuphela iimfuno ezimiselweyo zolawulo kodwa ikwabonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisingqongileyo zokucocwa kwamanzi. Njengoko ishishini lamayeza liyaqhubeka nokuvela, indima yokubuyisela umva i-osmosis ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuhlala ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yamayeza.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJan-08-2025